Transformer Coil Principle

In electrical equipment and wireless circuits, transformers are commonly used for voltage regulation, impedance matching, safety isolation, etc. In generators, whether the coil moves through a magnetic field or a fixed coil, they can induce electromotive force in the coil. In both cases, the value of magnetic flux remains unchanged, but the number of magnetic flux intersecting the coil changes. This is the principle of mutual inductance. A transformer is a device that utilizes electromagnetic mutual inductance to transform voltage, current, and impedance.
The basic form of a transformer includes two sets of coils wound with wires, which are inductively connected to each other. When an AC current (with a certain known frequency) flows into one of the coils, an AC voltage with the same frequency will be induced in the other coil, and the magnitude of the induced voltage depends on the degree of coupling and magnetic flux linkage between the two coils.
The basic form of a transformer includes two sets of coils wound with wires, which are inductively connected to each other. When an AC current (with a certain known frequency) flows into one of the coils, an AC voltage with the same frequency will be induced in the other coil, and the magnitude of the induced voltage depends on the degree of coupling and magnetic flux linkage between the two coils.
Generally, the coil connected to an AC power source is called a primary coil; The voltage across this coil is called the primary voltage. The induced voltage in the secondary coil may be greater or less than the primary voltage, which is determined by the ratio of turns between the primary coil and the secondary coil. Therefore, transformers can be divided into two types: step-up and step-down transformers.
Most transformers have fixed iron cores with primary and secondary coils wound around them. Based on the high conductivity of iron material, most of the magnetic flux is limited to the iron core, therefore, two sets of coils can achieve a considerable degree of magnetic coupling through this. In some transformers, the coil and iron core are tightly bonded, and the ratio of the primary to secondary voltage is almost the same as the ratio of the turns of the two coils.
Therefore, the turn ratio of a transformer can generally be used as a reference indicator for boosting or reducing voltage in transformers. Due to the function of boosting and reducing voltage, transformers have become an important accessory of modern power systems. Increasing transmission voltage makes long-distance power transmission more economical. As for step-down transformers, they make power applications more diversified. It can be said that without transformers, modern industry cannot achieve the current development status.