1. Inductance (L):
Inductance is the core parameter of inductor coil, which characterizes the ability of coil to generate self-induced electromotive force. The size of inductance mainly depends on the number of turns of the coil, the winding method, the presence or absence of a magnetic core and the material properties of the magnetic core. The more turns and the higher the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core, the greater the inductance. Its unit is Henry (H), and common ones are millihenry (mH) and microhenry (μH). Inductance determines the degree of resistance of the inductor coil to current changes. In the filter circuit, the appropriate inductance can effectively filter out current fluctuations of a specific frequency and ensure the stability of the output current.
2. Inductive reactance (XL)
Inductive reactance is the resistance of the inductor coil to AC current. It is closely related to the inductance L and the AC frequency f, and the calculation formula is XL = 2πfL. The higher the frequency and the greater the inductance, the greater the inductive reactance. In AC circuits, inductive reactance limits the current and causes a phase difference between voltage and current. For example, in a choke, inductive reactance is used to prevent high-frequency AC current from passing through, while allowing DC or low-frequency current to pass smoothly.
3. Quality factor (Q)
The quality factor is used to measure the quality of the inductor coil. It is the ratio of the inductive reactance XL to the equivalent resistance R, that is, Q = XL / R. The higher the Q value, the lower the energy loss of the coil during operation and the higher the efficiency. Factors affecting the Q value include the coil winding process, wire resistance, core loss, etc. In a tuned circuit, an inductor coil with a high Q value can improve the selectivity of the circuit and accurately filter out signals of a specific frequency.
4. Distributed capacitance (C)
Distributed capacitance is an inevitable characteristic of the inductor coil. It exists between the turns of the coil, between the coil and the core, and between the coil and the surrounding environment. Distributed capacitance will change the equivalent impedance of the inductor coil at high frequencies, reduce its Q value, and affect the circuit performance. Usually, by improving the winding process, such as using a honeycomb winding method, the distributed capacitance can be effectively reduced.
5. Rated current (I)
The rated current refers to the maximum current value allowed to pass through the inductor coil when it can work normally. Once the current passing through exceeds the rated current, the coil will overheat and cause the inductance to change, and may even burn out. When designing and selecting the inductor coil, it is necessary to ensure that the actual working current is within the rated current range to ensure its reliable operation.
6. Allowable deviation
The allowable deviation indicates the error range allowed between the nominal inductance of the inductor coil and the actual inductance. Different application scenarios have different requirements for the accuracy of inductance. For example, in a high-precision measurement circuit, an inductor coil with extremely small inductance deviation is required to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results.
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